Algorithms

Louise joined a social networking site to stay in touch with her friends. The signup page required her to input a name and a password. However, the password must be strong. The website considers a password to be strong if it satisfies the following criteria: * Its length is at least

Sorting is useful as the first step in many different tasks. The most common task is to make finding things easier, but there are other uses as well. In this case, it will make it easier to determine which pair or pairs of elements have the smallest absolute difference between

A numeric string, , is beautiful if it can be split into a sequence of two or more positive integers, , satisfying the following conditions: 1. for any  (i.e., each element in the sequence is  more than the previous element). 2. No  contains a leading zero. For example, we can split

A weighted string is a string of lowercase English letters where each letter has a weight.  Character weights are  to  from  to  as shown below: We define the following terms: The weight of a string is the sum of the weights of all the string's characters.  For example:

Happy Ladybugs is a board game having the following properties: * The board is represented by a string, , of length . The  character of the string, , denotes the  cell of the board. * If  is an underscore (i.e., _), it means the  cell of the board is empty. * If  is an uppercase English

Bob has a strange counter. At the first second, it displays the number . Each second, the number displayed by the counter decrements by  until it reaches . The counter counts down in cycles. In next second, the timer resets to  and continues counting down. The diagram below shows the counter values

Manasa is out on a hike with friends. She finds a trail of stones with numbers on them. She starts following the trail and notices that any two consecutive stones' numbers differ by one of two values. Legend has it that there is a treasure trove at the end

An integer  is a divisor of an integer  if the remainder of . Given an integer, for each digit that makes up the integer determine whether it is a divisor. Count the number of divisors occurring within the integer. Note: Each digit is considered to be unique, so each occurrence of

Flatland is a country with a number of cities, some of which have space stations. Cities are numbered consecutively and each has a road of  length connecting it to the next city. It is not a circular route, so the first city doesn't connect with the last city.

Emma is playing a new mobile game that starts with consecutively numbered clouds. Some of the clouds are thunderheads and others are cumulus. She can jump on any cumulus cloud having a number that is equal to the number of the current cloud plus  or . She must avoid the thunderheads.